Tabula rasa Essay Essays

Tabula rasa Essay Essays Tabula rasa Essay Paper Tabula rasa Essay Paper Empiricism is the position that all cognition comes from experience whatever is the head got at that place through the senses. Locke was an empiricist who held that the head was tabula rasa or a clean slate at birth to be written upon by centripetal experience. Empiricism is opposed to rationalism or the position that mental thoughts and cognition exist in the head anterior to see that there are abstract or unconditioned thoughts. George Berkeley argued against rationalism and philistinism. He besides criticized Locke on many points. He said most philosophers make an premise that has no cogent evidence of the being of affair. Berkley questioned the illation that material things cause our centripetal experience or that our centripetal experience is material things. Berkeley originally wondered if we as worlds really experience an object as it truly was. or was what we physically saw. The materialist feels that the information received through sense experience gives a representative image of the outside universe and one can non perforate to the true kernel of an object†¦ Although the thought is logical. it does incorporate certain anchoring for agnosticism. John Locke claimed that primary qualities are those that exist within the organic structure of an object and exterior of our perceptual experience. He believed they are inseparable from organic structure and his list consisted of gesture. majority. figure. figure. and texture. Primary qualities are those qualities. which are present in the object itself. such as extension. Secondary qualities are merely present in the spectator. such as colour. In a universe in which there are no animate beings with colour vision. there are still objects that reflect visible radiations of assorted wavelengths. but there is no being that would construe those moving ridges as â€Å"color. He supported his definition of primary qualities by claiming that if an object were continuously divided. the primary qualities would stay the same. However. he suggested that secondary qualities were merely powers that the object has to do us to hold thoughts about its colour. odor. gustatory sensation. sound etc. These secondary qualities depend on and therefore can be altered by changing primary qualities. as they do non really be within the object. nor do they be independently of our heads. Primary qualities are instantly seeable in the object. while secondary qualities require our centripetal system to react to the primary qualities of an object foremost. Therefore Locke claims that â€Å"primary qualities are nonsubjective ; whereas. secondary qualities are contingent on perception† Locke did non believe that there was anything innate in anyone and that all constructs. thoughts. and ideas were the consequence of centripetal experience. Harmonizing to Locke. there is no such thing as innate cognition. Berkeley besides shows that the sensed qualities of an object are thoughts that exist merely in a head since esthesiss are the same as thoughts ; worlds can merely hold one thought at one time. On the other manus. God’s head is infinite and is therefore able to hold multiple perceptual experiences. These perceptual experiences of God are besides thoughts. and it follows that these thoughts comprise the world beheld in the finite human head. Alternatively of the materialists’ belief in the representative theory of perceptual experience. where a stuff object has existent qualities which worlds perceive as reasonable qualities. Locke had retained a certain religion in the capacity of the human head to hold on. nevertheless amiss. the general lineations of an external universe by agencies of uniting operations. With Berkeley. there had been no necessary stuff footing for experience. though the head had retained a certain independent religious power derived from God’s head. and the universe experienced by the head derived its order from the same beginning. Berkeley’s theory is that God upholds all of the thoughts. which comprise human world. and people perceive these thoughts as esthesiss straight from God’s infinite head. Berkeley besides denied the being of what are called abstract objects â€Å"universals† and â€Å"forms† or â€Å"ideas. † For case. if person said that inflammation exists apart from any ruddy thing or that goodness exists apart from any good action or individual. so he is stating that inflammation and goodness exist as independent entities. For Berkeley this is impossible. since nil that is non being perceived can be. The thought of inflammation without a ruddy thing or goodness without a good action is a nonsensical thought. every spot every bit much as affair without a esthesis of it. Locke is an empiricist while Berkeley is an dreamer. but Locke’s most important thought is that the human head begins as a clean slate ( tabula rasa ) . which is written on thru the class of his or her experiences and instruction. He did raise of import inquiries. and created a duologue that led to better theories.

What Aquatic Insects Tell Us About Water Quality

What Aquatic Insects Tell Us About Water Quality The types of insects and other invertebrates living in the worlds lakes, rivers or oceans can tell us if that water source has very high or very little water pollutants. There are a number of ways that the scientific community and environmental agencies measure water quality, such as taking the temperature of the water, testing the pH and water clarity, measuring the level of dissolved oxygen, as well as determining the levels of nutrients and toxic substances. It seems looking at insect life in the water might be the easiest and perhaps most cost-effective method especially if the surveyor can tell the difference from one invertebrate to the next upon visual examination. It can eliminate the need for frequent, costly chemical tests. Bioindicators, which are sort of like a canary in a coalmine- are living organisms that indicate the quality of their environment by their presence or absence, according to Hannah Foster, postdoctoral researcher in bacteriology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The main reason to use bioindicators is that chemical analysis of water provides only a snapshot of the quality of a body of water. Importance of Water Quality Monitoring Adverse changes to the water quality of one stream can impact all the bodies of water it touches. When water quality degrades, changes to plant, insect and fish communities may occur and can affect the entire food chain. Through water quality monitoring, communities can assess the health of their streams and rivers over time. Once baseline data on the health of a stream is collected, subsequent monitoring can help identify when and where pollution incidents occur. Using Bioindicators for Water Sampling Doing a survey of bioindicators, or biological water quality monitoring involves collecting samples of aquatic macroinvertebrates. Aquatic macroinvertebrates live in water for at least part of their life cycle. Macroinvertebrates are organisms without backbones, which are visible to the eye without the aid of a microscope. Aquatic macroinvertebrates live on, under and around rocks and sediment on the bottoms of lakes, rivers, and streams. Aquatic macroinvertebrates include species of insects, worms, snails, mussels, leeches, and crayfish. For example, sampling macroinvertebrate life in a stream when monitoring water quality is useful because these organisms are easy to collect and identify, and tend to stay in one area unless environmental conditions change. Simply put, some macroinvertebrates are highly sensitive to pollution, while others tolerate it. Certain types of macroinvertebrates found thriving in a body of water can tell you if that water is clean or polluted. Highly Sensitive to Pollution When found in high numbers, macroinvertebrates like adult riffle beetles and gilled snails can serve as bioindicators of good water quality. These creatures are usually highly sensitive to pollution. These organisms tend to require highly dissolved oxygen levels. If these organisms were once abundant, but subsequent sampling shows a decline in numbers, it may indicate that a pollution incident occurred. Other organisms that are highly sensitive to pollution include: Mayflies (nymphs)Caddisflies (larvae)Stoneflies (nymphs)Water PenniesHellgrammites (dobsonfly larvae) Somewhat Tolerant of Pollution If there is an abundance of a certain type of macroinvertebrates, like clams, mussels,  crayfish, and sowbugs, that can indicate that the water is in fair to good condition. Other macroinvertebrates that are somewhat tolerant of pollutants include: Alderflies (larvae)Dragonflies and Damselflies (nymphs)Whirligig Beetles (larvae)Riffle Beetles (larvae)Fishflies (larvae)Scuds Pollution Tolerant Certain macroinvertebrates, like leeches and aquatic worms, thrive in poor quality water. An abundance of these organisms suggests environmental conditions in a body of water have deteriorated. Some of these invertebrates use snorkels to access oxygen at the waters surface  and are less dependent on dissolved oxygen to breathe. Other pollution-tolerant macroinvertebrates include: Black Flies (larvae)Midge Flies (larvae)Lunged Snails

California public policy on Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

California public policy on Abortion - Essay Example This issue is fascinating and imperative because it touches on moral, ethical, religious and legal issues of the subject person. For instance, although the law my define abortion as legal and within woman’s right, some religions would not approve it as well as different ethical issues interconnected on the same. It is interesting because whichever the perspective one looks at it or argues the case, there seems not to be a consensus since all facts of every aspect of it turns out to be accurate. Nevertheless, the application of utilitarianism theory can be argued to have played a critical part in the development of the abortion law in California since the law still remains controversial with some people not agreeable to it (Riley 2). With the current trend on the issue, it is apparent that the law can only be amended to give room for restrictions or the basis under which abortion can be allowed. This is arguably true because, according to public policy institute of California (Para 3), current survey indicate that they are still in favour of the law and actually want the Supreme Court not to interfere with the

DRG Patient Classification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DRG Patient Classification - Essay Example Breakeven Analysis Sales variable cost fixed cost Allocation JFC Total FC Breakeven units HR gross margin DRG M 1700 1000 500,000 415000 915,000 1307 2 41.18% DRG J 2600 1200 280,000 249000 529,000 378 5 53.85% DRG P 900 600 110,000 166000 276,000 920 1 33.33% Total 890,000 830000 1,720,000 The company has three different DRG type patients to which the firm provides its health service. The three different types of patients generate various types of revenues streams. The DRG J patients generate $2600 in treatment cost which is the highest revenue figure among the three types of patients. The DRG J patients also have the highest contribution margin at $1400, but also the highest profit margin at 53.85%. One of the negative aspects about the treatment of DRG J patients is that it takes company 5 hours to complete a treatment session for these patients. Time consuming patients limit the ability of the clinic to have high patient turnover. Fewer patients are served each month when a clini c has to spend 5 hours in DRG J patients instead of the two hours and one hour its takes to serve DRG M and DRG P type patients. The DRG P patients have the lowest patient charge at $900. The good aspect of treating the DRG P patients is that the clinic only has to consume one hour of time to serve them. The DRG M patients generate the Beach Street office of Getwell Clinics a profit margin of 41.18%. These types of patient generate an average patient charge of $1700. The breakeven point in number of treatments varies by DRG type patient. The patients that have the highest breakeven point in terms of number of treatments are the DRG M patients. The reason that the breakeven point for DRG M patients is so high is because the total fixed cost for these patients is $915,000. The contribution margin for each patient is $700. The patient type that has the lowest breakeven points is the DRG J patients at 378 treatments. The high contribution margin of $1400 and the lower total fixed cost a re factor that led to the DRG J patients having the lowest breakeven point. The DRG P patients have a contribution margin of $300 and breakeven point in terms of 920 treatments. Despite having a low contribution margin the DRG P patients had the lowest total fixed cost at $276,000. `When companies have excess capacity they should use that production opportunity on the service or product that provides the greatest profitability which optimizes the use of the resources of the firm. The DRG patient type that provides the highest profitability for the clinic evidenced by its higher contribution margin and profit margin is the DRG J. An advertising program should target the DRG J patients because the treatment given to these patients generate more revenues than any other DRG patient type. The results generated by an advertising campaign can be measured in terms of how many more patients visited the clinic after the ads are run on television, radio, written press, or on the internet. Due to the fact that each DRG J patients bring to the clinic greater revenues per visit than any other patient these patients must be targeted more aggressively by the firm. Based on the scenario that the clinic is at maximum capacity in terms of hours the firm should concentrate its efforts on completing work orders that can be achieved in the fastest time possible. The DRG patient time that requires the least amount of time to complete a treatment is the

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun :: essays research papers

A Raisin in the Sun is a classic tragedy. Through struggle the Younger’s all experience some hardship in learning the value of money and equality. I will have to say that the play was very interesting yet hard to watch. My first impression was that the stage was slanted. I’m still not sure why the stage was slanted and would love to ask the director of why it was slanted. Secondly, the actors were very hard to hear due to their soft speaking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the play I received two major underlying messages. First was from Mama’s plant. This plant symbolized all that the Younger family was; a half alive plant that is growing in all direction waiting for the spring to bloom. This is the perfect description of the Younger’s. The family is struggling with what to do with the insurance check and finally realize that by equality they will bloom into what they truly desire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly I saw that the Younger’s are a family of routine. It seems that each member is caught in their own struggle and can’t break the cycle they are caught in. It is not until someone makes a sacrifice that the family is able to flourish.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The lighting made a favorable impression. The blue at the beginning sets the â€Å"blue† mood that wonders over most of the family. The soft white that lights the house for the rest of the play was perfect since the family has a dim mood cast over them. As far as overall lighting scheme goes I would give the play a solid A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My next impression came from the props in the house. The bed, couch, and chair were all but falling apart. There was no doubt that the family had little as far as possession but what they had they were proud of. They were not a family of pride but they took joy in what they had worked hard for. I was given a feeling of a family struggling to make it in the world but determined to reach the top of the mountain. Overall I would give the props a B   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The costumes of the actors also made an impact. Walter Lee was always wearing formal, expensive looking clothing. His clothes went along with his ambitions of wealth and high rank. Mama’s clothes were always simply and barley of higher quality than rags. These clothes also go a long way to represent those philosophies that she lived by.

Masters of public health revised

For more than twenty years, I have worked as a dental surgeon in the Armed Forces of Pakistan.   I have spent a great part of my professional life as a dental practitioner in some of the most challenging circumstances while working with extremely basic facilities at a community level.   I have also served a diversified group of people regardless of their socio-economic status.   Since HIV and hepatitis are highly communicable diseases that can be acquired through dental treatment and related procedures, I have created public awareness about its prevention through information dissemination by means of conducting lectures, video films and posters. I have also provided information about the dental health status of the population and the inequities in health program.   In addition, I have shared my knowledge about the determinants of health and illness, strategies for health promotion, injury prevention, health protection and the factors that influence the delivery and use of health services.   I was also tasked to carry out a regular annual oral dental inspection at various community levels.   I assessed all the information that was gathered and prepared budgets, reports and recommendations for policy and program development.   These efforts led to the development of a school dental program in Pakistan. I completed my dental studies in the prestigious, de’Montmorency College of Dentistry in Pakistan.   This is a high profiled and oldest dental college in my country.   My interest in the field of public health stems from the dental services that I have done for over two decades while serving the Armed Forces of Pakistan.   This job allowed me to focus on the treatment of dental ailments as well as on the prevention of dental diseases, related infectious and communicable diseases such as hepatitis and HIV. The growing demand of my family did not enable me to perform tours of duty out side of my home city, Karachi.   Hence, I decided to take an early retirement from the Armed Forces of Pakistan.   Then, I worked in various medical centers and provided dental services to the Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (P.T.C.L.) employees and their dependents.     P.T.C.L. at that time was a state run Telecommunication company employing over 60,000 employees.   Recently I also did volunteer work as a trainor for the Kitchner  and Waterloo Sexual Assault Support Center. Pursuing a Masters degree in Public Health is in line with my long term career goal of  moving towards a managerial and  strategic role in health care provision.   I believe  that with the knowledge and exposure that I will learn in the University of Waterloo will enhance my skills as a dental surgeon and will provide me with a better grasp on the issues related to public health and disease prevention for a larger population. Now that I have migrated in Canada, I would like to be an effective public health professional and achieve the health goals set forth by the Canadian health services.   I also intend to conduct a study that will lead to the improvement of health and development of the population-based prevention programs. After successfully raising two intelligent and gifted children who are independently pursuing their college education and being a dedicated mother and a daughter and a happily married spouse for twenty years, I am now more focused and prepared to pursue a life long dream of earning a Masters degree in Public Health from a prestigious university. I believe in the saying of C. Everett Koop that â€Å"health care matters to all of us some of the time, public health matters to all of us all of the time†.   With my passion, dedication and drive in achieving my goals, I will be able to complete my graduate program in the University of Waterloo and contribute to the disease control and prevention program of my community.   

IPSec and Network Security Essay - 669 Words

IPSec is a framework which utilizes a set of IETF protocols to offer end-to-end IP security using strong encryption, public and private key pair cryptography. IPSec secures communication links that could experience network security issues like corruption, eavesdropping, misused data etc (Pezeshki et al 2007) when not secured. However, using IPSec tends to also have an adverse effect on router utilization and overall network performance. One of the major issues with IPSec is performance degradation and throughput (Berger, 2006) which goes back to the complex authentication and encapsulation techniques. Data protection tends to increase required bandwidth; security transformation reduces performance and delays data processing and†¦show more content†¦Adding IPSec VPN technology appears to come with high data processing cost and additional complexity. IPSec is slow in establishing connection. This adds to delay in establishing authenticated connections degrading network service levels and user productivity (Pezeshki, et al.2007). Using IKE initially to negotiate security usually increases time of connection by one to three seconds depending on the network rounding time, policy design and required load on system to establish connection. IPSec protection tends to adds overheads to IP packets. The use of IKE, ESP, Cryptography and digital signature generation and Diffie-Hellman computations (Shue, et al 2007; Fujimoto and Takenaka, 2006) all cause overheads and this increases network utilization and reduces effective throughput especially when multiple clients connect to it simultaneously. The interaction of IPSec VPNs and firewalls in practice may cause problems (Berger, 2006; Adeyinka, 2008b). A strict firewall policy may prevent adoption of IPSec packets. 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